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Objective To study the protective effect of propofol on post-hypoxic injury of car-diomyocytes induced during hyperglycemia.Methods Rat primary H9C2 cardiomyocytes were cul-tured and the model of hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR)was constructed.The cells were assigned to the following groups:normal control group (group NC),high glucose group (group HG)and HR under high glucose group (group GR),and propofol treated groups in which cells were treated with various concentrations (12.5,25,50,and 100 μmol/L)of propofol (i.e.,groups P12.5,P25,P50 and P100)and the solvent DMSO group (D100 group,DMSO at 100 μmol/L)respectively.(CK-MB), cardiac troponin I (cTnI),lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),mitochondrial activity,intracellular ATP content and intracellular oxidation of the cells were compared.Results Compared with the groups NC and HG,the cell viability was significantly decreased,the concentration of LDH and MDA,relative concentration of CK-MB and cTnI increased significantly,and the activity of T-SOD,mitochondria and the relative concentration of ATP decreased significantly in the other groups (P<0.05).Com-pared with the group GR,the cell activity increased significantly,the concentration of LDH and MDA ,relative concentration of CK-MB and cTnI were Significantly decreased,and the activity T-SOD, mitochondrial and relative concentration of ATP increased significantly in the groups P12.5,P25 and P50 (P<0.05).Compared with the group P25,the cell viability decreased significantly,the concen-trations of LDH,MDA,relative concentrations of CK-MB and cTnI increased significantly,and the activity of T-SOD and mitochondria and relative concentration of ATP were significantly reduced in the groups P50,P100 and D100 (P<0.05).Conclusion Propofol can reduce the damage of myocar-dial cells by reducing the damage of mitochondria.
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Objective To observe the clinical effect of etomidate combined with propofol on laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods Eight patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy cho sen from March 2015 to April 2016 in our hospital,falling into ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ grades,randomly divided into four groups,20 in each.Group A was administered of propofol (2 mg/kg);group B etomidate (0.3 mg/kg);group C etomidate (0.15 mg/kg) combined with propofol (1 mg/kg);group D etomidate (0.1 mg/kg) combined with propofol (1.5 mg/kg).Systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure and heart rate of the four group were compared at the following six time points:before anesthesia induction(T0),1 min before intubation (T1),the intubation moment (T2),1 min after intubation (T3),5 min after intubation (T4),15 min after intubation (T5).The serum of four groups were collected at the time before anesthesia induction (T0),30 min after anesthesia induction (Tb),2 h after induction of anesthesia (Tc) and 24 h after anesthesia induction(Td).Aldosterone,cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone in serum were tested by radioimmunoassay.The incidence of adverse reactions such as injection pain and myoclonus during induction,and postoperative nausea and vomiting of the four groups were recorded and compared.Results Compared with T0,HR,SBP at T1,T4 and T5 were significantly decreased in group A (P＜0.05).SBP at T2 were significantly increased in group B (P＜0.05),and SBP at T1 and T5 were significantly decreased in group C (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference of HR at T1,T2,T3,T4 and T5 in group B and C.Compared with T0,HR,SBP at T1,and T5 were significantly decreased in group D (P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in hemodynamics among the four groups.Compared with T0,the levels of Cor and ALD at Tb and Tc were decreased in group B and C (P＜0.05).And the level of ACTH of B and C in Tc were significantly increased (P＜0.05).Compared with group A,the levels of Cor and ALD of group B and C were significantly decreased at Tb and Tc (P＜0.05).Compared with group B,the levels of Cor and ALD of group C and D showed less decrease at Tb and Tc (P＜0.05).And compared with group C,the levels of Cor and ALD of group D showed less decrease at Tb and Tc (P＜0.05).Conclusion Etomidate combined with propofol induced can reduce the side effects induced by propofol or etomidate alone,which is an ideal way of anesthesia induction.
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Objective To investigate the effects of different tidal volume mechanical ventilation on pulmonary function and inflammatory factors in gynecologic laparoscopic surgery.Methods 45 patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery without lung disease,ASA Ⅰ-Ⅱ,aged 20-45 years old,weight 45-65 kg,operation time 2-3 hours,were randomly divided into A,B,C three groups,15 cases in each group.Mechanical ventilation with different tidal volume of the three groups,A group,B group and C group were 8mL/kg,9mL/kg,10mL/kg.Blood gas analysis was performed before anesthesia (T0),30 minutes (T1),(T2),PA-aDO2 (60 minutes) (T3),and 120 min (T4),respectively,and the peak airway pressure and mean pressure were recorded.IL-6,TNF-α and IL-10 levels in plasma by radial artery blood sampling were simnultaneously determined.Results Comnpared with A group,the concentrations of Ppeak and Pmean were increased in B group at T1-T4 (t =5.13,4.78,6.54,5.32 and t =7.54,4.88,5.37,4.95;all P ＜ 0.05),the concentration of Ppeak and Pmean in C group at T1-T4 increased (t =7.76,8.87,7.23,8.99 and t =6.42,7.38,7.62,9.86;all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with B group,the concentrations of Ppeak and Pmean were increased in C group at T1-T4 (t =4.76,5.87,4.23,3.99 and t =4.76,3.99,6.06,4.52;all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with A group,the A-aDO2 values of B group and C group were increased at T1,T2,T3 and T4 (t =5.32,5.48,4.88,5.69 and t =7.85,7.32,8.45,6.67;all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with B group at the same time point,the A-aDO2 value of C group increased at four times of T1-T4 (t =5.62,4.38,6.94,4.22,P ＜0.05).Compared with group A,the concentration of A-aDO2 in C group was higher than that in B group at the same time point (t =4.45,4.87,5.32,4.79 and t =7.68,7.59,7.44,8.38;all P ＜ 0.05).The levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in C group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t =4.78,5.56,7.62,8.03 and t =3.98,4.52,5.46,6.23;all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with T0,IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations AT T2-T4 in A group had no statistically significant differences (all P ＞ 0.05).Compared with B group,the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in C group were significantly higher (t =4.58,4.99,6.53,4.77 and t =5.62,7.89,6.43,4.52;all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with T0,IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations at T2-T4 in A group had no statistically significant differences (all P ＞0.05).There was no significant difference in IL-10 concentration among the thrce groups.Conclusion Laparoscopic surgery according to the end tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PetCO2) ventilation frequency,8 mL/kg tidal volume mechanical ventilation has no effect on the IL-6,TNF-alpha,IL-10 and other inflammatory factors,mechanical ventilation tidal volume is more appropriate.
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Objective To investigate the effects of propofol on the phosphoryhtion of α-amino-3-hydroxy5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate(AMPA)receptor GluR1 subunits at Serine-831 and Serine-845 sites in the spinal cord dorsal horn in a rat model of visceral pain.Methods Thirty male SD rars,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 200300 g,in which intrathecal catheters were successfully placed without complications,were randomly divided into 3 groups(n-=10 each):sham operation group(group Ⅰ),visceral pain group(group Ⅱ)and propofol group (group Ⅲ).Visceral pain was induced by injection of 10％ capsaicin 50μl via the rectum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ.While the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in group Ⅰ.Group Ⅲ received intrathecal injection of propofol 20 tg at 10 min before injection of capsaicin.While the equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide was given instead of propofol in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.The cumulative pain score was recorded during 30 min after capsaicin injection.The rats were then sacrificed,and the lumbar segment(L3-6)of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of GluR1 subunits and phosphorylation of GluR1 subunits at Serine-831 and Serine-845 sites in the spinal cord dorsal horn.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the cumulative pain score and phosphorylation of GluR1 subunits at Serine-831 sites and Serine-845 in the spinal cord dorsal horn were significantly increased(P ＜0.05 or 0.01),but there were no significant differences in the expression of GluR1 subunits in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with group Ⅱ,the cumulative pain score and phosphorylation of GluRl subunits at Serine831 and Serine-845 sites in the spinal cord dorsal horn were significantly decreased in group Ⅲ(P ＜ 0.05 or 0.01).Conclusion Propofol can attenuate the visceral pain through the inhibition of the phosphorylation of AMPA receptor GluR1 subunits at Serine-831 and Serine-845 sites in tte rat spinal cord dorsal horn.
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Recent studies in the realm of metabolic chemistry of traditional Chinese drugs (TCD),appeared in literature were reviewed. Methods for such study were enumerated and commented upon.Some problems that arised in the study were discussed. It was suggested that the study of metabolic chem-istry on TCD and its compounded preparations should be further pursued.
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Object To study the pharmacokinetics of cinnamic acid in BAOXIN PILL * in rat. Methods Plasma concentration of cinnamic acid was determined by HPLC under the following conditions: column: Hypersil ODS C 18 (150 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m); column temperature 30 ℃; mobile phase methanol-1% acetic acid (45∶55); flow rate 0.5 mL/min; detection wavelength 273 nm; aliquot injected 10 ?L. Results A method for the determination of plasma cinnamic acid concentration by HPLC was established. Regression equation of cinnamic acid peak area (Y) and plasma concentration (X) was found to be: Y= 4 973.534 8 +42 867.96 678 X; correlation factor r=0.999 8; rate of cinnamic acid recovery from plasma=97.50% and RSD=1.33%; detection limit=0.15 ng; minimal dectable concentration in rat plasma=75 ng/mL. Absorption pattern of cinnamic acid after ig does showed linearity, corresponding to a first order absorption and elimination of open chamber model. The t 1/2 (K a)=7.12 min; t max =53.29 min, C max =0.20 ?g/mL, and t 1/2 (Ke)=340.74 min. Conclusion The pharmacokinetic parameters obtained in this study may be attributed to the combined action of cinnamic acid and other constituents in the compound preparation of BAOXIN PILL.
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Objective To establish a method for the determi nation of emodin and chrysophanic acid in Compound Rhubarb Spray by HPLC.Methods The ODS column was applied.methanol∶water(87∶13)served as mobile phase.The detectio n wavelength was at 254nm and the flow r ate was 0.65ml /min.Results The average recovery of emodin was 99.48%with relative standard deviation being 1.75%(n=9)and the average recovery of chrysoph anic acid was 101.46%with rela-tive standard deviation being 2.85%(n=9).Conclusion The method was simple,rapid and reli able.It is suitable for the quality control of Compound Rhubarb Spray.
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Objective: To establish the optimum preparation procedure for Grub Eye Drops. Methods: The amount of extract abtained from extraction solutions, the contents of glutamic acid and glycine, nitrogen content and TLC spots were used to evaluate the extraction procedure for Grub Eye Drops by orthogonal design. Results: The optimum extraction condition was A 3B 2C 1. That is adding ten times amount of water to soaking for 30min, decocting for 1.5h, filtering to obtain filtrate Ⅰ, adding seven times of water into filter residue, decocting for 1h to obtain filtrate Ⅱ, combining filtrate Ⅰ and Ⅱ. Conclusion: The experimental method is suitable for the productive preparation of Grub Eye Drops.
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AIM: To optimize the best prescription of micro-emulsions of volatile oil in rhubarb of compound liquid spray by triangular phase diagram METHODS : Poloxamer-108 was used as emulsifiers,absolute alcohol as assistant emulsifiers,volatile oil from Lonicera dasystyla and Curcuma longa as the oil phase,the proportion between the emulsifier and append-emulsifier was established RESULTS : Optimized ratio of Poloxamer-108 and alcohol was 1∶10,the volatile oil in prescription formed micro-emulsions,distributing stably in the spray CONCLUSION : The study of micro-emulsions of volatile oil in compound liquid preparation of traditional Chinese medicine by triangular phase diagram offered a short-cut for resolving its stability. The experiment also suggested that the micro-emulsions could increase solubility of insoluble volatile oil from TCM.